This panel discussion will explore how peer review is changing, particularly in the context of open science and rapidly advancing AI technologies. The panellists will share their insights and experiences, as well as practical recommendations from leading organisations and publishers, freely available tools, and initiatives aimed at making peer review more transparent, constructive, and effective. They will also address AI-related challenges and the need to recognise and support reviewers’ work. The session will conclude with two fundamental questions: does peer review genuinely improve the quality of research, and how will it evolve to meet the needs of a changing scholarly publishing system?